Study finds the moon had active volcanoes during the dinosaur age

New evidence has emerged that volcanoes were active on the Moon far more recently than previously believed. A study published in Science reveals that the Moon experienced volcanic eruptions as late as 120 million years ago, coinciding with the time of Earth’s dinosaurs.

This discovery stems from the analysis of glass beads collected by China’s Chang’e-5 lunar mission in 2020. Researchers examined about 3,000 beads and identified three as volcanic in origin based on their textures and chemical composition. This pushes the timeline of lunar volcanic activity much closer to the present, contrasting earlier analyses that placed the Moon’s last eruptions at 2 billion years ago.

The findings have excited scientists, as they indicate that small celestial bodies like the Moon can retain enough heat to sustain volcanic activity much later than previously thought. The precise mechanism behind this prolonged volcanic vitality remains a mystery, but researchers speculate it may hold clues to the Moon’s internal evolution.

Professor Li Qiu-Li and Associate Professor He Yuyang, co-authors of the study from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized the significance of this discovery in understanding how small celestial bodies maintain internal heat. The findings also raise questions about the sources of these young volcanoes, which could shape future lunar exploration missions.

Qian Yuqi, a planetary volcanism expert from the University of Hong Kong, remarked that uncovering such relatively recent volcanic activity has “significant implications” for understanding the Moon’s geological history. The discovery may encourage new missions to locate the sources of these late-stage eruptions.

China’s Chang’e-5 mission was groundbreaking as the first to retrieve lunar samples since the 1970s, following U.S. Apollo missions and the Soviet Luna program. The subsequent Chang’e-6 mission, conducted in June, further showcased China’s capabilities by retrieving samples from the Moon’s far side for the first time in history.

The implications of this research extend beyond lunar science, offering valuable insights into how other small celestial bodies might evolve. As scientists continue analyzing these samples, they hope to unlock new secrets about the Moon’s past and inspire future exploration efforts.