The world is again left surprised by the discovery made by NASA. This time, the spotlight is not on a distant galaxy or an exoplanet but on Ceres, the dwarf planet of our own solar system between Mars and Jupiter. Scientists for many years were confused when unusual bright lights appeared to have appeared on Ceres. But recent research tells us that the mystery over those mysterious spots could prove to be the solution in search of extraterrestrial life.
A Mysterious Glimmer on Ceres
The bright spots on Ceres were discovered in 2015 by NASA's Dawn spacecraft orbiting the dwarf planet for almost three years. These lights appeared puzzling as the whole world is now considered to be icy, sunless, and even apparently barren. It postulates that they could be highly reflective salt deposits. Recent observations have given weight to an alternative hypothesis — that these lights might actually hint at chemical activity or even the presence of liquid water beneath Ceres' crust.
Salt, Ice, or Something More?
Surface temperatures on Ceres are very cold, but internal heating could conceivably allow for pockets of liquid water below its surface. This is supported by the fact that some of the reflective spots on Ceres seem to change brightness slightly over time, which indicates some kind of active process. In addition, some light spectra that Dawn detected have a unique composition that does not match Earth-like salts or typical minerals found on dry planets. The chemical signature is eerily close to compounds that would likely be formed in liquid brine, and perhaps something rather interesting is going on below the crust.
Water Chemistry
Finding water on a dwarf planet is a notable enough
finding, but if there's chemistry going on, that would place the conditions on
Ceres an awful lot closer to the Earth than was suspected before. Actually, a
number of research scientists argue that there may be some hidden ocean beneath
the surface of Ceres. In fact, while subsurface oceans are certainly no news to
science yet; at least, as confirmed already by the potential examples of moons
Europa and Enceladus, but it is even more awesome in the case of water detected
on Ceres subsurface since Ceres lies far closer to Earth, with less impact from
the heavy forces of gravitational pull exerted on its moons. In that sense,
this makes it even more mysterious. Search for Life Beyond Earth
If Ceres has a subsurface ocean, could it have life? On Earth, there are extremophiles-organisms that thrive in extreme conditions. These include survival in high salinity, low temperatures, and low light. Thus, these organisms, as found in the depths of our own oceans, can survive in environments similar to what may exist on Ceres. Though life on Ceres would be unrecognizable, it may be microbial or even chemical and thus very different, but alive, existing under conditions with little energy for life.
Can Life Indeed Exist in Space on Ceres?
Scientists at NASA are hopeful but remain extremely cautious. A mission to Ceres could deliver answers that would make the long, dark road out of the solar system worthwhile. It doesn't have to take us out of our own system to try to figure out life. The next mission may return to Ceres this time armed with sampling equipment and analytic instruments. One day a robotic lander may drill beneath the ice to find signs of liquid water, heat sources, and organic compounds.
What's Next in Search for Alien Life?
What makes this so exciting, says the search for alien life that is a tantalizing possibility at Ceres. Another exciting chapter that will keep humanity in knowing its place in the universe and its quest. So, what's on offer with NASA and space agencies now looking at searches across Mars, the outer reaches of the solar system and into interstellar space.
This discovery would be monumental in the process of
reshaping our understanding of biology because it would demonstrate that life
can emerge in environments as diverse and unpredictable as those found on the
icy dwarf planet.
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