Why does the Sun continue to have eruptions right now and until when will it stop?

The Sun continues to have eruptions, the risks for the Earth and the ISS, and when this phenomenon is expected to end

The solar cycle is a pattern of variation in the Sun's activity that repeats approximately every 11 years . During this cycle, the number of sunspots on the Sun's surface waxes and wanes. Sunspots are dark areas on the solar surface caused by intense magnetic fields. During the solar maximum phase of the cycle, there are more sunspots and greater activity, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections . During solar minimum , there are fewer sunspots and less activity. This cycle is part of the Sun's natural behavior. Again: completely normal .

Solar Cycle 25 and its unusual activity

Now, during the current Solar Cycle 25 , an increase in solar activity has been observed, characterized by solar flares and coronal mass ejections. This phenomenon, which is expected to peak in mid-to-late 2024  has generated considerable interest in the scientific community in an astronomical field. However, this increased activity also gives us concerns about its possible repercussions on Earth , such as interference in electrical networks and communication systems, as well as the importance of implementing preventive measures to mitigate the effects of solar storms . Or as happens to the Starlink satellites, owned by CEO Elon Musk.

How are solar flares formed?

A solar flare originates in the active regions of the Sun , where the magnetic fields are intense. When these magnetic fields become entangled and reconnected , they release a large amount of energy. This process generates an explosion in the solar atmosphere , accompanied by heat, light and electromagnetic radiation. The energy released can increase the temperature of the solar plasma and cause a flare visible from Earth . It is a natural event that is part of the solar cycle and this time has not been the exception, it is just that scientists did not expect the activity to be very high .

The solar cycle: every 11 years?

The cyclicity of the solar cycle, which occurs approximately every 11 years, is related to the dynamics of the Sun's magnetic field . This magnetic field is generated by the movement of conductive material inside the Sun, particularly in its convective zone . During the solar cycle, the Sun's magnetic field undergoes a polarity reversal process , which coincides with the period of solar maximum. The duration of the solar cycle, which is approximately 11 years, is determined by the internal dynamics of the Sun and the interaction of its magnetic fields.

Risks for the International Space Station (ISS)

During intense solar events, like this one, there is a potential risk to the International Space Station (ISS) and its occupants . Solar flares and coronal mass ejections can release large amounts of radiation and energetic particles that can damage the station's electronic systems and pose a health risk to astronauts. That's why NASA closely monitors space conditions and takes measures to protect astronauts and ISS infrastructure during these events.

Preventive measures and preparation

Given this increase in solar activity , it is crucial that the competent authorities and organizations implement preventive measures to mitigate the possible effects of solar storms. This may include strengthening electrical networks, protecting communication systems, and preparing contingency plans to ensure the safety of the population and critical infrastructure.

A fascinating and challenging phenomenon

Despite the challenges it poses, the solar cycle is a fascinating phenomenon that reminds us of the complexity and beauty of the universe in which we live. Scientists continue to study and closely monitor this event to better understand its causes and effects, so we can better prepare for the future .

Conclusion

In summary, the increase in solar activity during the current Solar Cycle 25 is a natural and recurring phenomenon, but on this occasion it has reached unusual levels . Although it is a normal event in the behavior of the Sun, it is crucial to be prepared and take the necessary measures to mitigate possible adverse effects on the Earth and our infrastructure. With proper understanding and adequate preparation , we can face this challenge and continue enjoying the fascinating spectacle that our Sun offers us.